现代集团的警世悲剧：成也萧何败也萧何
——摘自搜狐网(http://auto.sohu.com)
正象香港艺人张国荣跳搂自杀对华人圈造成了很大影响，韩国经济界重磅人物郑梦宪的跳楼自杀对韩国社会造成一个更大的震撼。毕竟现代集团在韩国社会的影响力和对经济界的作用举足轻重。现代集团的创始人郑周永2年前去世似乎标志着现代集团的发展走到了一个分水岭上。原先庞大的集团架构在外部的后金融危机时代的改革压力下和内部的家族权利激烈争斗中导致分拆，昔日的现代帝国威势已经渐去，分割成了一个个行业王国。如此这般，集团创始人和其最宠爱的儿子接连去世将对现代家族产业今后的走势产生怎样的影响正是大家所关心的热点。
从事件的前因后果看，郑梦宪的自杀本质上属于政治游戏中的牺牲品，所犯忌的涉及到朝鲜与韩国的政治和经济的大手笔的“作秀”事件。老爷子在1998年和2000年掏自己腰包买了2500头黄牛运送给朝鲜，曾博得社会一直喝彩，没有什么非议。虽然跨国公司的任何作秀肯定会包藏着精细的商业图谋，八十多岁的老人买牛赶牛回故乡的充满人情味的“善举”，实在让商业对手无懈可击。但是轮到郑梦宪玩更大的手笔后，事态就发生了逆转，原因是粘上了政治游戏后患无穷，已经不是简单的送自家牛问题了，涉及到通过郑梦宪的运作向朝鲜汇去了1.86亿美元，这样韩国政界和媒体就把朝鲜和韩国举行首次峰会的政治事件与现代集团送钱的事件缠在一起，引发了检察机关一轮接一轮的调查。游戏的目的无非前任总统要追求在任时的重大政绩，但通过中间人送见面礼的方式是否触犯现有的税务、外汇管制等法律框架就成了被调查的问题。
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| Cam Shaft |
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Most overhead valve engine
have different size journals, with the largest being
toward the front of the engine. This is done to make
the camshaft removal and installation easier.
Removing OHC
Camshafts
On overhead cam
engines, the camshaft is removed with the
cylinder head. Follow manufacturer's
instructions for the removal of the cam from
the head. This varies with the design of the
head.
If the lifters on a
pushrod engine are too worn to be reused,
the following procedure will save time in
removing the cam:
- With the engine in
the upside down position, move the
lifters to the highest positions in
their bores by turning the crankshaft
one complete revolution.
- Use a piece of
wooden dowel to finish pushing the
lifters into their bores so that they
will clear the cam.
The lifters must
be removed high enough to allow the cam
to be removed. Courtesy of Dana Corp.,
Perfect Circle Division.
- Now the cam can be
carefully removed. This is a delicate
operation.
- Support the
camshaft during removal to avoid
dragging lobes over bearing surfaces,
which would damage bearings and lobes.
- Do not bump cam
lobe edges, which can cause chipping.
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Removing Pushrod
Camshafts
Some engines use a
bolt-on cam thrust plate.
Some camshafts have
a thrust plate to control end thrust.
Courtesy of General Motors Corporation,
Service Technology Group.
Gear-drive cam bolts
can be accessed through holes in the cam
gear to remove the cam.
- An impact
screwdriver is sometimes necessary to
remove Phillips head screws.
- Varnish often
builds up on the edges of the cam
journals, making it difficult to remove
the cam. Squirt some penetrating oil on
the varnish.
Varnish buildup
on the edge of the cam journal makes
camshaft removal difficult. Courtesy of
Dana Corp., Perfect Circle Division.
- Unbolt the cam
sprocket and slide or pry it off the
cam.
- Then remove the
chain.
- Reinstall the
sprocket and tighten one bolt
fingertight.
- Use it as a
"handle" to remove the cam.
- It is easier to
remove the camshaft without damaging the
lobes if the engine is stood on end.
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If the engine is mounted on an
engine stand and the cam will not
come out, try supporting the cam
gear end of the block. Sometimes the
block will sag just enough to bind
the cam. This is especially true on
inline six-cylinder engines.
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Installing OHV
(Overhead Valve) Camshafts
Install the camshaft
into the block. Be careful to protect the
journals and bearings. If the block is not
installed on the engine stand, it can be
rested upright (vertically) to make cam
installation easier. Following is a guide to
typical procedures for installing the
camshaft into OHV engines.
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To assist in the installation of
the camshaft, install 4 inch bolts
into the threaded holes at the front
of the camshaft. Use the bolts to
rotate the camshaft and to push it
into the engine block.
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- Determine oil
clearance between the installed camshaft
bearings and the camshaft journals and
compare with specifications.
- Use a rag soaked in
solvent to remove any coating on the
camshaft journals. Be careful not to
remove the coating on the lobes.
- Lubricate the
journals with engine oil or assembly
lube before fitting the camshaft into
the block.
A special assembly
lube is used on cam lobes. Courtesy of Dana
Corp., Perfect Circle Division.
- Install the
camshaft, preventing any contact between
the lobes and the bearings.
- When the camshaft
is fully seated in place, spin it to
assure free rotation.
- Install the
sprocket or gear and use it as a
temporary handle to turn the cam
during installation.
- If rotation is
impaired because of high spots on
the bearings, they can be removed
using a three-corner scraper.
- Slight
corrections to the bearings can be
made with a flex hone.
- Make sure to
clean the engine block after
performing these operations.
- If the bearings
are not the cause of the binding,
the camshaft may be bent.
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Do not use emery cloth to remove
high spots. The grit can embed in
the bearing surfaces and damage the
journals.
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Long in-line engines attached to
an engine stand may flex enough to
prevent free camshaft rotation. Try
supporting the front of the engine
also before condemning the camshaft
or bearings.
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- Apply sealer to the
outer edge of the rear core plug and
install the plug with the convex side
out.
The camshaft plug is
installed at the rear of the block. Courtesy
of General Motors Corporation.
- Drive the plug to
the specified depth.
- Once the core plug
is installed, use a dull punch to deform
it slightly. This increases the tension
applied to the outer edges to provide a
positive seal.
- After the core plug
is installed, rotate the camshaft to be
sure the plug is not causing
interference.
- Install the
camshaft retainer plate.
- Measure the camshaft
end play and correct it if needed.
Checking camshaft
end play. Reprinted with the permission of
Ford Motor Company.
- Apply special
camshaft break-in high-pressure
lubricant onto the lobes, being careful
not to get any onto the journals.
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After Reassembling
the Engine
It is especially
important that the engine starts up
immediately to avoid excessive loading
between the cam lobes and the lifters.
- Start the engine
and run it at 1,500 - 2,000 rpm for
about 20 minutes to allow the cam and
lifters to begin to wear to each other.
- Idling should be
avoided during this period to prevent
cam and lifter failure and because,
during idle, less oil is thrown off the
connecting rod journals onto the
cylinder walls, cam, and other parts
that need this critical lubrication.
- Make sure the
engine has oil pressure.
- Watch the coolant
temperature to see that it does not
climb too high.
- Check for oil
leaks.
- If any adjustments
are needed the engine should be shut off
immediately.
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With the idle set high, a
carburetor will probably have to be
choked off to stop the engine from
dieseling (running on).
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- After the initial
20-minute period, the idle can be reset
and the ignition timing can be checked
with a timing light.
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