贾新光：发展自主--问题的种子早已埋下
——摘自搜狐网(http://auto.sohu.com)
北京八达岭公路进京方向53－50公里处被称为“死亡谷”，在这段公路上，从1998年到2003年，共发生事故458起，死亡94人。经专家调查分析，由于从57公里处起，公路开始下坡，而且坡度较大，坡很长，汽车一直处于刹车状态，到53－50公里处往往刹车失灵，酿成事故。中国汽车工业的发展也有类似的情况，目前问题的种子实际上从很早以前就埋下了，现在开始发芽、开花。造成现状的，不仅有企业自身的问题，更有制度的问题。
一．企业自身尚不自主，何谈品牌和开发的自主？
由武汉汽车工业大学主编1995年出版的《汽车现代设计制造》中指出，“汽车总布置设计的任务是：根据国家汽车工业发展的方针政策和汽车行业产品发展规划，考虑市场需求和使用单位要求，参照同级汽车的国外资料，对设计任务进行分析研究……”请大家注意，到了1995年，汽车的设计任务还是由政府来下达。
建国之初，国家对生产资料实行集中管理，统一平衡分配的制度，这个制度将全部物资分为三大类：一、二、三类。一类物资又称统配物资，由国家计委平衡分配；二类物资为部管物资，由国务院各部委负责分配；三类物资又称地方管理物资，由地方管理分配。
数十年间，国家统配物资的名单消了又涨，涨了又消，无论如何增减，汽车始终是榜上有名。在计划经济体制下，汽车分配的程序是：国家计委编制计划分配表，经国务院批准后下达给主管汽车生产的一机部，一机部组织供需双方开订货会，按分配指标签订供货合同，企业负责组织生产和供货。使用单位按行政隶属关系提出汽车产品的申请指标，列入国家指令性计划分配供给。
到1988年，国家规定当时的77种...
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| Cam Shaft |
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The camshaft is driven by the
crankshaft by one of three methods:
- Gear drive
- Sprockets and timing chain
- Sprockets and timing belt
Camshaft parts. Courtesy of
Ford Motor Corporation.
- Check the camshaft for:
- a plugged oil feed,
- the correct cam lift or
- any broken or severely
worn areas.
- Check each lobe and journal
for:
- scoring,
- scuffing,
- fractured surface,
- pitting,
- and signs of abnormal
wear.
Steel camshaft and roller
followers in good condition.
Badly burned and worn
camshaft bearing bores.
Normal lobe wear is a pattern
slightly off center with a wider wear pattern at the
nose than at the heel. The off-center wear is a
result of the slight taper of the lobe used in
conjunction with the convex shape of the lifter to
rotate the lifter.
Normal wear patterns are
slightly off center on the lobe. Reprinted with the
permission of Ford Motor Company.
- If the wear pattern extends
to the edges of the lobe, the lifter will not
rotate.
- If there is any scoring or
galling, the camshaft will have to be replaced
or reconditioned.
Premature lobe and lifter wear
is generally caused by metal-to-metal contact
between the cam lobe and lifter bottom due to
inadequate lubrication. The nose will be worn from
the cam lobes, and the lifter bottoms will be worn
to a concave shape or may be worn completely away.
This type of failure usually
begins within the first few minutes of operation. It
is the result of insufficient lubrication.
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