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捷达:桑塔纳的转世显灵?

——摘自搜狐网(http://auto.sohu.com)

  捷达常被看作是一款具有男人风格的车型,粗悍生猛。可近闻一位女性朋友欲购车,笔者打探其心仪何款,答曰非捷达莫属。笔者又生好奇,皆曰富康小鸟依人、得心应手,何故追寻有逞强好胜之嫌的捷达,答曰捷达的发动机动力强劲,若时常驾乘出差心里踏实。由此看出,连女士也被捷达历年来精心布设的“洗脑工程”所套牢。相形之下,以前富康曾玩的那套“一漂、一撞、一贴”似乎有点务虚。象北京连年缺雨水,车想泡澡都无机会,富康在武汉老家发水浸泡后照旧焕发英姿,并未引起外地潜在用户的共鸣。看来对用户的攻心之术应不求花哨但求朴实有效,就象捷达的“车名”直露汽车的本质和本能,不似市面上充斥过多“富农情结”的“利”、“富”、“吉”、“星”之类的车名。

  捷达产自东北,显然带有些硬朗刚毅的地域风格,所以连全国最大的汽车区域市场广东省也爱吃这口“生猛”,成了捷达的全国第一大销地,在北京更是近年来排在私家车销量第一。

  一个冬天里的童话

  从单车销量上看,捷达车系已攀升到了全国第二,仅次于桑塔纳车系。但桑车之所以成者为王是因特殊的历史原因所造就。并不是桑车确有过“车”之处。从捷达诞生之际恰逢国内汽车市场在九十年代中期进入霜冻期,想追食桑塔纳车市暴利的捷达、富康都出师不利,怨叹生不逢时。而刚出世的化油器型的捷达CL呈五短黑粗外形,似乎象是被纵向挤压过的桑车,从内外表和功能配置上看,毫无过桑车之处。业内都在观望捷达的“卖点”何在?而桑车的“根系”已伸展到了全国各地,捷达靠什么来与桑车打“阵地战”?在中档公车市场,用户的审美观几乎是由桑塔纳车型调教出来的:三厢式、长身段、大排量。捷达要钻进公车市场难...

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Hydraulic-assisted clutches are found on many types of vehicles. Hydraulic operation of clutch linkage is similar to the way brakes operate. Liquids cannot be compressed, so they can transmit motion and increase torque. The input piston is located in the master cylinder (action cylinder) connected to the clutch pedal.




A hydraulically operated clutch.

It is located next to the brake master cylinder. The output piston is located in the reaction or actuator cylinder, commonly called a slave cylinder. It is attached to the release lever at the clutch. The two cylinders are attached hydraulically by tubing and hose, just like in the brake system. Hydraulic systems are popular on custom vehicles because adaptation of the clutch release mechanism is easy.

The only difference between a clutch master cylinder and a single brake master cylinder is that the brake master cylinder has a residual check valve if it is for drum brakes. A clutch master cylinder does not have one because the clutch would stay applied as if a foot were always resting on the pedal. This would result in failure of a standard release bearing.


Visual Inspection

On vehicles with hydraulic clutch linkage, check the clutch master cylinder reservoir fluid level. It should be approximately 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) from the top of the reservoir. If it must be refilled, use approved brake fluid. Also, since the clutch master cylinder does not consume fluid, check for leaks in the master cylinder, connecting flexible line, and slave cylinder, if the fluid is low.

Some diagnosis can be done on the basis of pedal feel: A pulsating pedal is due to something internal in the clutch. The clutch will probably have to be disassembled, but looseness or misalignment somewhere could also be the culprit.

Air in the lines can cause a spongy pedal on hydraulically released cars. Bleed the system to solve this problem.


Slipping Clutch

A clutch is tested for slipping by putting it in the highest gear range (this would be fifth gear on a five-speed). Set the parking brake firmly and attempt to slip the clutch as if trying to make the vehicle move. If the clutch is slipping, engine rpm will rise. If the clutch holds, the engine will die. There are several possible reasons for a clutch to slip.


Partial Engagement

Partial engagement is a common cause of a slipping clutch. In a manually adjusted system as a clutch disc wears, free play becomes less. Because of the multiplication effect of the clutch linkage parts, a small amount of wear on the clutch disc can result in a total loss of original free travel. If the wear progresses beyond this point, it will be just as if the driver is always "riding the clutch" (pushing a small amount on the clutch pedal). Slipping is the result. This ruins the clutch disc (if it is not worn out already). When a clutch slips, temperatures inside the clutch housing can reach 500°F in just a few seconds. Burn marks on the pressure plate are one of the results.


Partial Disengagement

A cause of partial disengagement is when there is a problem with a hydraulic clutch release system. Look for a low fluid level first. Then, check for a failed master or slave cylinder. Replacement of the leaking part fixes the problem. Leaks in the hydraulic system can be in hoses or lines but usually result from age of internal rubber sealing parts.

  • A leaking clutch or brake master cylinder might be leaking into the passenger compartment. Check the carpet or floormat for evidence of leakage.
  • It is possible that there might be no evidence of leakage. This is because a master cylinder might have an internal leak. The test for an internal leak is to pump the clutch pedal and hold it to the floor while starting the engine. If the clutch slowly begins to engage, there is an internal leak.



A clutch master cylinder has two rubber cup seals that can fail. Courtesy of General Motors Corporation, Service Technology Group.

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